ABOUT
  
GLOSSARY
  
INDUSTRY STANDARDS 
 		 
Action Engineering - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust2022

Action Engineering is a world-renowned consulting firm for 3D-data transformations. With decades of experience and influential status on standards committees, Action is helping to define how MBE is done. They provide a full strategic program of consulting (READY, SET, GO, GROW) to take MBE throughout the product lifecycle. Their comprehensive coaching is a unique combination of unbiased technical expertise and industry-specific change management approaches. They also provide the only MBD-based cross-platform GD&T training in the industry and OSCAR, a curated toolkit of 3D-standards compliant data, tutorials, and videos.

Reference ...
Geometric Dimensions & Tolerances
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2D CAD
    
     
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The digital file produced from any CAD software package that creates a 2D drawing, which is the source for either printed-paper or a digital 2D formatted file (e.g., PDF). These files may or may not retain an associative link to their 3D CAD parent.
2D Data
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
Technical information presented as a 2D drawing or other static document types that require manual human interpretation.
See Also:
3D Data
3D CAD
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
The digital file(s) produced from any CAD software package that contains the 3D model of an object. It may or may not include Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI) annotations.
See Also:
Assembly, Subassembly, Component
3D Data
    
     
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Technical information presented as a dynamic 3D model that facilitates machine consumption opportunities while also displaying much of the 3D data for the human reviewer.
See Also:
2D Data, TDP, Product Definition
3D Drawing
    
     
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A term often used to describe a 3D PDF. It is a mathematically inaccurate term because a drawing is inherently 2D, and should not be described as 3D.
See Also:
3D Data
3D Interoperability
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
The capability of 3D data to seamlessly interchange between disparate systems.
See Also:
Interchangeability, Interchangeable Item
3D PDF
    
     
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A PDF file that contains 3D geometry with associated text in a dynamic viewport.
See Also:
3D Interactive Viewable
3D Scanning
    
     
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A method of digitally acquiring and storing the shape and size of an object as a 3D data.
Additive Manufacturing
AM 
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A process of joining materials to make objects from 3D data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies.
See Also:
3D Printer
Analysis Model
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A CAD model that contains additional product definition information required to perform product analysis (static, dynamic, thermal, etc.). Most likely contains mesh elements to make it a Finite Element Model (FEM) and may contain control software to predict the products behavior. This may or may not be a derivative of the parent 3D CAD model.
See Also:
Model, Physical Model, Data Model, Model Definition, Surface Model, Mathematical Model, Finite Element Method, Product, Derivative, 3D CAD
Annotation
    
     
ASME Y14.41  - Digital Product Definition Data Practices
Visible dimensions, tolerances, notes, text, or symbols.
See Also:
Dimension, Tolerance, Notes, Angularity, Product and Manufacturing Information, Basic Dimension
Alternate Definitions ->
Assembly Constraint
    
     
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An associative relationship created from a component to assembly references (planes, axis, or coordinate system), or to another component in the assembly to define the component location and orientation within the assembly.
Assembly Model
    
     
ASME Y14.41  - Digital Product Definition Data Practices
A model in which the product described is an assembly of two or more items.
See Also:
Model, Product, Assembly, Bill of Material
Alternate Definitions ->
Attribute
    
     
ASME Y14.41  - Digital Product Definition Data Practices
A dimension, tolerance, note, text, or symbol required to complete the product definition or feature of the product that is not visible but available upon interrogation of the model.
See Also:
Dimension, Tolerance, Notes, Product, Feature
Alternate Definitions ->
Axonometric View
    
     
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A model view that is primarily used to display annotations, where the surfaces of the model are not perpendicular to the viewing direction.
See Also:
Orthographic View
CAD Bill of Material
CAD BOM 
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
The CAD bill of materials refers to the 3D CAD history tree of parts and components. It includes only what has been modeled; additional functional needs are captured in the following eBOM stage.
See Also:
Engineering Bill of Material, Manufacturing Bill of Material
CAD Structure
    
     
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The hierarchical relationships among parts in a 3D assembly and among features in a feature-based part. Complex assemblies consist of subassemblies containing parts or possibly more subassemblies. Parts of feature-based CAD models consist of a base feature onto which additional features are applied. Features may themselves have dependent features.
See Also:
Part, Product, Assembly, Feature, Subassembly, CAD, History Tree
Catalog Model
    
     
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Any part or subassembly commonly re-used within an organization’s products.
Characteristic ID
    
     
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A human readable unique identifier. Characteristic IDs are assigned to tolerances within the Authoritative Technical Data to enable human readable tracking from native CAD data to derivative CAD data. The characteristic ID may also be consumed by downstream machine-readable equipment (e.g. inspection report generation).
Child Model
    
     
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A model that “trees” up into the next higher assembly/installation.
Component
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A part or subassembly model that is assembled into an assembly or subassembly model.
See Also:
Part, Assembly
Alternate Definitions ->
Costed Bill of Material
Costed BOM 
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
Bill of materials which includes component costs for each component of the product. These include values for all costing items of a material, sales order or base planning object.
See Also:
Bill Of Material
Data Package
DP 
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A collection of 3D model geometry, annotations, attributes, and presentation states that includes a lightweight viewable file format that is intended for human readability. It may also contain derivate data and associated lists.
See Also:
Model, Geometry, Annotation, Attribute, Derivative, Associated List
Data Silos
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
Silos enable logistical organization, development of expertise, and management of similar mindsets; paper-based practices result in insolated & disconnected 2D data, while model-based practices use connected 3D data with a well-maintained digital thread.
Design Authority
    
     
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The single source authority for the design model, annotations, and attributes.
See Also:
Source Model, Authoritative Technical Data
Digital Metrology
    
     
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The process of performing metrology operations on an end item using digital data which is connected, traceable, and automated.
See Also:
Additive Manufacturing, Digital Manufacturing, IIoT, 3D Data, Smart Manufacturing, Digital Metrology
Engineering Bill of Material
eBOM 
     
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The engineering bill of materials reflects the design of the product rather than the manufacturing process of the product. eBOMs are typically driven from the CAD model and are usually centric to the final assemblies list of parts or components.
See Also:
Manufacturing Bill of Material, Bill Of Material, CAD, Model, Assembly, Part
Envelope Model
    
     
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A solid model representation of the outer shape of an assembly that is represented as a single part.
See Also:
Part, Model
Fully Annotated Model
    
     
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A model that includes every basic dimension and tolerance value necessary to produce the part by visual inspection of the annotated model alone. Also known as a 3D Drawing.
See Also:
Basic Dimension
Generative Design
    
     
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An iterative software-based process that uses human entered constraints and incorporates analysis, machine-learning, and simulations to interpret design requirements for production of multiple 3D geometric models for user evaluation.
See Also:
3D CAD, Analysis Model, Design Parameters, Design Simulation, Model, Simulation
Geometric Dimensions & Tolerances
GD&T 
     
AS9102B  - Aerospace First Article Inspection Requirement
A general term for a system of applying dimensional annotations and tolerances to drawings or models defined by ANSI Standard Y14.5.
See Also:
Annotation, Tolerance, Drawing, Model
Alternate Definitions ->
Graphic
    
     
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Pictorial representation of a 3D model or 2D drawing. Generally it is captured as a screen shot. The image can be isometric or planar, cartoon-like, 3D, realistic or line art.
See Also:
Model, Drawing
History Tree
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A hierarchical diagram of 3D model features that shows their relationships and the order in which they were created.
See Also:
Model, Feature, 3D Model
Industry 4.0
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
The fourth industrial revolution, occurring now, is manufacturing operations digitally transformed to leverage connected data, machines, and people. A connected factory may use Additive Manufacturing (AM), cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Augmented Reality (AR), autonomous robots, big data analytics, cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), simulation, and technologies not yet invented to reduce waste in their processes.
See Also:
Digital Thread, Digital Twin, Additive Manufacturing, Digital Manufacturing, IIoT, 3D Data, Smart Manufacturing, Digital Metrology
Alternate Definitions ->
Inseparable Assembly
    
     
ASME Y14.100  - Engineering Drawing Practices
One item, or two or more items joined together, that is not normally subject to disassembly without destruction or impairment of designed use (e.g., transistor, composition resistor, screw, transformer, and gear).
See Also:
Assembly, Subassembly, Item, Inseparable Part Model
Alternate Definitions ->
Inseparable Part Model
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
3D CAD with two or more bodies and/or two or more Mono-Detail Models that represent an inseparable assembly (e.g., weldment).
See Also:
3D CAD, Mono-Detail Model
Installation Assembly
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A collection of part and assembly models, combined in an assembly for the sole purpose of describing how a component or subassembly mounts in a very large structure. This assembly does not have a next higher assembly, nor is it typically the top assembly.
See Also:
Assembly, Model
Instance
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
Each instantiation of a component is called an instance. It may appear that the part model (component) is copied several times within a single assembly, yet the other representations are merely visualizations of the source data.
Inter-part References
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
An associative link to a part external to the one being worked on. These references are sometimes called external references. For example, a hole may reference its centerline location from another part, creating an associated link from the hole feature to the other part.
See Also:
Reference, Reference Data, Reference Dimension, Externally Defined
Large Sized Assemblies
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
An assembly which has a total of all components (Company, Industry (including fasteners), Supplier), including all the instances (not unique parts) in the assembly are between 200 and 1000 parts.
Manufacturing Authority
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
The single source authority for manufacturing. It is a connected derivation of the Design Authority model. Model data is derived from the design authority, but manipulated, translated, verified, and synced as required by the change management process back to the design authority.
Manufacturing Bill of Material
mBOM 
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
The manufacturing bill of materials reflects the manufacturing process of the product rather than the design of the product. mBOMs are typically driven by the eBOM and also include all items related to the end product, including packaging or shipping.
See Also:
Engineering Bill of Material, Bill Of Material, Item, End Product
Manufacturing Model
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
May contain some or all of the Product Model data elements but will vary based on the manufacturing needs of the product. For example, it may be a single 3D solid model in neutral format containing only geometry. The elements contained in the Manufacturing Model are translated and verified from and against the Design Authority model.
See Also:
Product Model Data, 3D, Geometry, Model
Manufacturing Plans
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A set of data defining the process flow and test requirements for new product to be manufactured, which identifies the people, equipment, and facilities required.
Manufacturing Work Instructions
MWI 
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A controlled set of instructions that describe in detail how particular tasks, procedures, or processes must be performed; provide a referenced, repeatable framework for communicating the steps needed to complete a task.
Medium Sized Assemblies
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
An assembly which has a total of all components (Company, Industry (including fasteners), Supplier), including all the instances (not unique parts) in the assembly are between 200 and 1000 parts.
Metadata
    
     
NAS 9300-007  - LOTAR
Data about data. For example, the file name is meta data about a CAD design held as a file.
See Also:
Data, CAD
Alternate Definitions ->
Model Precision
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
The highest number of significant digits set in the CAD model document.
Model Schema
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
An organization, grouping, naming convention and direction for completeness of models, annotations, attributes and metadata, included in the original model. These basic building blocks facilitate accurate archival and data exchange of TDP Type: 3D.
See Also:
Model, Annotation, Attribute, Metadata, Original Model, TDP Type
Model-Based Engineering
MBE 
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A process that uses models throughout the product lifecycle.
See Also:
Digital Thread, Model-Based Enterprise, Model-Based Environment
Model-Based Enterprise
MBE 
     
ASME Y14.47  - Model Organization Practices
An organization that uses model based definitions for the purpose of commission, operation, service, and decommission of a product.
See Also:
Model-Based Definition, Model-Based Systems Engineering, Model-Based Environment, Model-Based Engineering
Alternate Definitions ->
Model-Based Environment
MBE 
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
An ecosystem defined by software, hardware, infrastructure, and people that supports both a Model-Based Engineering approach, and a Model Based Enterprise.
See Also:
Model-Based Engineering, Model-Based Enterprise, Lifecycle Activities, Product Lifecycle Management
Mono-Detail Model
    
     
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3D CAD that represents a single piece part.
See Also:
3D CAD, Part
Nominal Geometry
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
The theoretically perfect representation of a design's geometry as defined by the features' nominal sizes and basic dimensions.
See Also:
Basic Dimension, Nominal Geometry, Representation, Geometry
Original Model
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
Originating 3D Model, generally in native CAD software format, that is the working model for changes to geometry, annotations and attributes. From the original model flows the product model which is controlled as the record of authority. All data elements within the model maintain associativity to one another.
See Also:
Design Model, Geometry, Annotation, Attribute, Product Model, Original Product Model, Model, Native CAD Data, Record of Authority, Associativity
Parent Model
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A model into which child models “tree” up. Also referred to as the next higher assembly/installation.
Part
    
     
ASME Y14.100  - Engineering Drawing Practices
One item, or two or more items joined together, that is not normally subject to disassembly without destruction or impairment of designed use (e.g., transistor, composition resistor, screw, transformer, and gear).
See Also:
Nonpart Drawing, Symmetrically Opposite Part, Item, Inseparable Assembly, Product, End Item
Alternate Definitions ->
Part Model
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A 3D model representation of a single hardware item.
Product Characteristic
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A tolerance or specification applied to a feature or product that requires verification. A characteristic has a local designation identifier(s) and may have a criticality associated with it.
See Also:
Characteristic ID
Product Data Management
PDM 
     
NAS 9300-007  - LOTAR
The tracking, control and status control of product data, either as files, or through a database. The usage is frequently confined to the design stage of product development, although may extend to planning for manufacture.
Alternate Definitions ->
Product Drawing
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
Two-dimensional (2D) flat orthogonal representations of a 3 dimensional object; used to convey design, manufacturing and quality support information related to how an object is to be built, such as dimensions, tolerances, materials, construction notes and processes. Standardized by ASME Y14.5 and Y14.100.
See Also:
Drawing, Drawing Format, Master Drawing, Nonpart Drawing, Dimension, Tolerance, Notes
Alternate Definitions ->
Product Model
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A digital, 3D representation of an object with precise nominal geometry, attributes, annotations, and fully semantic tolerances that completely and unambiguously defines the product and facilitates model-based manufacturing, inspection, and Product Lifecycle Management. The Product Model is the Manufacturing source and is a model translated and verified from and against the Design Authority model.
See Also:
Design Authority, Manufacturing Authority
Product and Manufacturing Information
PMI 
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
3D annotations (dimensions and tolerances), metadata, notes and attributes needed to define the product beyond the 3D geometry.
See Also:
Annotation, Attribute, Geometry, Annotation and Attribute State, Lifecycle Activities, 3D Model
Alternate Definitions ->
Quality Plans
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A set of data that specifies the standards, practices, specifications, resources, and activities required to validate engineering requirements, including compliance objectives, process steps, and responsible parties; typically includes testing, inspection, examination, and audit programs at appropriate stages.
See Also:
Manufacturing Plans
Record of Authority
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
Identifies what data serves as the primary and governing source. Additional data may be derived from this source and additional data may be added to support the manufacture or inspection of the product.
See Also:
Duplicate Original, Copy, Original, Derivative, Original Model, Data, Product, Master, Product
Resolved Dimension
    
     
ASME Y14.41  - Digital Product Definition Data Practices
A model value that is rounded off to the number of decimal places required for the design.
See Also:
Model Value, Model Precision
Alternate Definitions ->
STEP
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
Standard for The Exchange of Product model data, the common name for ISO 10303.
See Also:
Product Model Data
Skeleton Model
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A model that contains a sketch, surface and/or solid model used to facilitate top-down modeling, by allowing multiple users to access interface geometry from a single model. When the skeleton model is changed, those changes are proliferated to any associated geometry in other models that use the skeleton reference geometry. A skeleton model will always have ZERO MASS, as it is a reference-only model.
Sketch
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A two-dimensional profile used to create a CAD feature. May or may not be constrained to a part's coordinate system, planes, or axis.
See Also:
CAD, Feature, 2D, Constraint, Assembly Constraint
Small Sized Assemblies
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
An assembly which has a total of all components (Company, Industry (including fasteners), Supplier), including all the instances (not unique parts) in the assembly are less than 200 parts.
Smart Manufacturing
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
An approach to manufacturing that leverages 3D data and factory machinery with sensors to monitor and improve the production process and performance.
See Also:
Digital Manufacturing, IIoT, 3D Data, Digital Metrology
Solid Model
    
     
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A mathematically accurate 3D representation of an object. A solid model has thickness, and when calculated, results in numeric values for mass, center of mass, and Moments of Inertia (MOI). A solid model is not a collection of disconnected, unstitched surfaces.
Surface Model
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A mathematical or digital representation of an object as a set of planar or curved surfaces, or both, that may or may not represent a closed volume.
The Four Parts of MBD
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
Model-Based Definition (MBD) is a model with PMI (Product Manufacturing Information) and consisting of:

1. the 3D geometry (serves as the basic dimensions)

2. the annotations (displayed notes, dimensions and tolerances or GD&T)

3. the attributes (metadata, key characteristics, and queried data)

4. the presentation states (saved views, presentation organization)

See Also:
Model-Based Definition, Geometry, Annotation, Attribute, Presentation State, PMI
Topology Optimization
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
A subtractive generative design process that refines an existing 3D geometric model.
See Also:
3D CAD, Generative Design, Model
Translation
    
     
Action Engineering  - 3D Digital Transformation You Trust
The conversion of a 3D CAD model from one format to another.
See Also:
3D CAD, Model, 3D Interoperability
Validation
    
     
MBE Maturity Index  - MBE Lexicon
The process of assuring that a product satisfies its intent.
Alternate Definitions ->
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